The simple past is used to describe an action that occurred and was completed in the past.
For regular verbs, the simple past is formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb (infinitive without to).
base
form |
+ ed =
|
simple
past |
walk
|
walked
|
|
push
|
pushed
|
|
greet
|
greeted
|
|
cover
|
covered
|
The simple past tense of all regular verbs is the same for all persons.
singular
|
plural
|
||||||
1st per
|
I
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
We
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
|
2nd per
|
You
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
You
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
|
3rd per
|
He, She, It
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
They
|
worked
|
yesterday.
|
For regular verbs ending in the vowel -e, add -d.
base
form |
simple
past |
hate
|
hated
|
seize
|
seized
|
hope
|
hoped
|
assume
|
assumed
|
tie
|
tied
|
free
|
freed
|
For the very few English verbs that end in a vowel other than -e, add -ed.
base
form |
simple
past |
ski
|
skied
|
echo
|
echoed
|
For regular verbs that end in a vowel+y, add -ed.
base
form |
simple
past |
play
|
played
|
decay
|
decayed
|
survey
|
surveyed
|
enjoy
|
enjoyed
|
For regular verbs that end in a consonant+y, change the -y to -i and add -ed.
base
form |
simple
past |
cry
|
cried
|
dirty
|
dirtied
|
ready
|
readied
|
magnify
|
magnified
|
For regular verbs ending in short vowel sounds followed by a consonant, double the final consonant before adding -ed.
base
form |
simple
past |
dam
|
dammed
|
beg
|
begged
|
sin
|
sinned
|
stop
|
stopped
|
rub
|
rubbed
|
When the regular verb has more than one syllable, in
American English the final consonant is
doubled when the syllable stress is on the final syllable.
base
form |
incorrect
|
simple
past |
defer
|
deferred
|
|
regret
|
regretted
|
|
reship
|
reshipped
|
|
compel
|
compelled
|
In these words, the syllable stress is not on the final syllable, so the consonant is not doubled.
base
form |
simple
past |
incorrect
|
orbit
|
orbited
|
|
listen
|
listened
|
|
travel
|
traveled
|
|
consider
|
considered
|
Here are examples with regular verbs in the simple past.
simple present
|
simple past
|
I walk to school.
|
I walked to school.
|
She works downtown.
|
She worked downtown.
|
They help on Tuesday.
|
They helped on Tuesday.
|
He asks a lot of questions.
|
He asked a lot of questions.
|
Irregular verbs do not form the past tense by adding -ed. Irregular verbs form the past tense by a change in spelling.
base
form |
simple
past |
buy
|
bought
|
do
|
did
|
fly
|
flew
|
forget
|
forgot
|
light
|
lit
|
go
|
went
|
say
|
said
|
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